What does CNC machining do?

Numerically controlled (CNC) machining is a manufacturing process that many industries have incorporated into their manufacturing processes. This is because the use of CNC machines can increase production. It also allows for a wider range of applications than manually operated machinery.

The operation of the CNC process contrasts, and thus replaces, the limitations of manual machining, which requires the field operator to prompt and guide the commands of the machining tool through levers, buttons, and handwheels. To the onlooker, a CNC system may resemble a regular set of computer components.

So how does CNC machining work?

When the CNC system is activated, the required machining dimensions are programmed into the software and assigned to the corresponding tools and machines, which perform the assigned dimensioning tasks, just like robots.

In CNC programming, code generators in digital systems often assume that the mechanism is very good, although there is a possibility of error, which is more likely when the CNC machine is instructed to cut in multiple directions at the same time. The placement of tools in the CNC is outlined by a series of inputs called part programs.

Using a CNC machine, input the program through punch cards. In contrast, programs for CNC machine tools are entered into a computer via a keypad. CNC programming remains in the computer's memory. The code itself is written and edited by programmers. Therefore, CNC systems provide a wider range of computing capabilities. Importantly, the CNC system is not static, as updated prompts can be added to pre-existing programs by modifying the code.

In CNC manufacturing, machines are operated through numerical control, in which a software program is specified to control objects. The language behind CNC machining, also known as G-code, is used to control various behaviors of the corresponding machine, such as speed, feed rate, and coordination.

Basically, CNC machining pre-programs the speed and position of machine functions and runs them through software in repeating, predictable cycles with little or no human intervention. During CNC machining, 2D or 3D CAD drawings are conceived and then converted into computer code for execution by the CNC system. After entering the program, the operator test-runs it to make sure there are no errors in the coding.

Thanks to these capabilities, the process has been adopted in all corners of the manufacturing industry, and CNC manufacturing is especially important in the field of metal and plastic production.