Questions about the machining of precision mechanical parts

Machining of precision mechanical parts is one of the most commonly used measures and means in the industrial stage. For this technology, the first thing to consider is the quality and structure of the part itself. If you choose inferior parts, no matter what kind of processing method is used, it will not help. Therefore, part quality in part machining is a very important step. When it comes to parts, it is one of the essential products in many mechanical devices. Parts are the basic elements of machine composition. Machines generally include one or several transmission parts (such as electric motors, internal combustion engines, steam engines) used to receive external energy.

The executive part (such as the tool in the machine tool) that realizes the production function of the machine, and transmits the motion and power of the prime mover to the transmission part of the executive part (such as the machine tool) The gear and screw transmission mechanism in the machine), the detection and control system (such as the numerical control system in the machine tool) to ensure the coordinated work of each part of the machine (that is, the machine is composed of a prime mover, a transmission part, an execution part, and a measurement and control part). The machine is further decomposed, and various parts can be obtained.

Parts are the basic elements that constitute a machine, which can be broadly divided into two categories: one is the parts that can be used in various machines ( Such as gears, shafts, etc.), which are called general parts; the other is the parts that are only used in certain types of machines (such as bolts, propellers, etc.), which are called special parts; in addition, there are also some parts that work together The assembled parts are called components or assemblies (such as couplings, reducers, etc.). So in the process of machining precision mechanical parts, what questions should be paid attention to?

There are many ways to process precision mechanical parts, such as heat treatment. Parts refer to a single inseparable part in a machine, which is the basic component of the machine and the basic unit in the machine manufacturing process. The manufacturing process generally does not require an assembly process. Such as bushings, bearing bushes, nuts, crankshafts, blades, gears, cams, connecting rod bodies, connecting rod heads, etc.

When CNC machine tools process precision mechanical parts in batches, special attention should be paid to the processing accuracy. So what problems should be paid attention to when processing precision mechanical parts?

1. The machining accuracy of batch parts is poor, generally due to the fact that the feed dynamics between each axis is not adjusted according to the error during installation and adjustment, or due to wear and tear, the transmission chain of each axis of the machine tool has changed . It can be solved by readjusting and modifying the clearance compensation amount. When the dynamic tracking error is too large and an alarm occurs, you can check whether the speed of the servo motor is too high. Whether the position detection element is good. Whether the position feedback cable connector is in good contact. Whether the corresponding analog output latch and gain potentiometer are in good condition. Whether the corresponding servo drive is normal.

2. The machining accuracy is not good due to overshoot when the machine tool is moving. It may be that the acceleration and deceleration time is too short, and the speed change time can be appropriately extended. It may also be that the connection between the servo motor and the lead screw is loose or the rigidity is too poor, and the gain of the position loop can be appropriately reduced.

3. The roundness of the two-axis linkage is out of tolerance

Axial deformation of the circle: This deformation may be caused by the improper adjustment of the machine. The positioning accuracy of the axis is not good, or the compensation of the lead screw gap is improper, which will lead to roundness errors when passing through the quadrant.

Oblique ellipse error: At this time, the position deviation value of each axis should be checked first. If the deviation is too large, the position loop gain can be adjusted to eliminate it. Then check whether the interface board of the resolver or the induction synchronizer is adjusted properly, and then check whether the gap of the mechanical transmission pair is too large and whether the gap compensation is appropriate.

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